Anton Emanuel Peschka first completed a commercial apprenticeship and then attended the painting school of Robert Scheffer. Together with his friend and future brother-in-law Egon Schiele, he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna under Christian Griepenkerl from 1906 to 1910.

Peschka presented his works at the 'Neukunstgruppe', an artists' group founded by Schiele. In addition, his work were exhibited twice in the Vienna Künstlerhaus. As a member of the Hagenbund Peschka also regularly participated in the exhibitions of the artists' association. Peschka's favorite themes were nudes and landscapes.

Today works by Anton Peschka can be found in the Albertina and the Vienna Museum.