Rudolf Swoboda the younger (1859–1914) was a 19th-century Austrian painter, born in Vienna.
He studied under Leopold Carl Müller, and voyaged with him to Egypt in 1880. He was a well-known Orientalist. His sister was the portrait painter Josefine Swoboda, also well-known for her portraits of the British royal family.

In 1886, Queen Victoria commissioned Swoboda to paint several of a group of Indian artisans who had been brought to Windsor as part of the Golden Jubilee preparations. Victoria liked the resulting paintings so much that she paid Swoboda's way to India to paint more of her Indian subjects.

Swoboda painted many of the ordinary people of India in a grouping of small (no more than eight inches high) paintings which...